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Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Reacts with a 70 kDa membrane-bound isozyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. It is highly specific for PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. Anti-PLAP reacts with germ cell tumors and can discriminate between these and other neoplasms. Somatic neoplasms e.g. breast, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and urinary cancers may also immunoreact with antibodies to PLAP. Anti-PLAP positivity in conjunction with anti-keratin negativity favors seminoma over carcinoma. Germ cell tumors are usually anti-keratin positive, but they regularly fail to stain with anti-EMA, whereas most carcinomas stain with anti-EMA. Anti-PLAP has been useful in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Recognizes a protein of 57 kDa, identified as p57Kip2. It shows no cross-reaction with p27Kip1. p57Kip2 is a potent tight-binding inhibitor of several G1 cyclin complexes, and is a negative regulator of cell proliferation. Anti-p57 has been used as an aide in identification of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) (no nuclear labeling of cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells) from partial hydatidiform mole (PHM) in which both cytotrophoblasts and stromal cells stain. The histological differentiation of complete mole, partial mole, and hydropic spontaneous abortion is problematic. Most complete hydatidiform moles are diploid, whereas most partial moles are triploid. Ploidy studies will identify partial moles, but will not differentiate complete moles from non-molar gestations. Complete moles carry a high risk of persistent disease and choriocarcinoma, while partial moles have a very low risk. In normal placenta, many cytotrophoblast nuclei and stromal cells are labeled with this antibody. Similar findings apply to PHM and hydropic abortus tissues. Intervillous trophoblastic islands (IVTIs) demonstrate nuclear labeling in all three entities and serve as an internal control.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. HIV mainly infects vital cells in the human immune system such as helper T cells (specifically CD4 T cells), macrophages and dendritic cells. Two species of HIV infect humans: HIV-1 and HIV-2, with HIV-1 being the more virulent strain. The gag gene of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) encodes a precursor protein known as Pr55Gag. The viral protease PR cleaves this precursor to generate p17, p24, p7, and p6 proteins, which are required for virus particle assembly. HIV-1 Gag p24 is a capsid protein that constitutes the core of AIDS virus HIV-1. p6 and p7 are the components of the nucleocapsid, and p17 provides a protective matrix. HIV-1 Gag p24 is indispensable to the reproduction of AIDS virus and constitutes an essential element for the AIDS virus particle construction. As this protein is detectable from the early stage of AIDS virus infection, its measurement is commonly used as an indicator of HIV-1 infection and viral load.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb is specific for progesterone. It exhibits minimal cross reactivity with related compounds in ELISA. It reacts with Progesterone-11a-HMS-BSA: 100%; 5-beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 48%; 5-alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 26.4%; 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 2.5% and 20-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 0.04%. Progesterone is a steroid hormone synthesized from the cholesterol derivative, pregnenolone, in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and acts to prepare the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. During pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta to prevent spontaneous abortion and to stimulate the development of mammary tissue to produce milk. Thus, progesterone plays a central role in the reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinized theca cells of normal ovary secrete progesterone. The determination of progesterone concentrations in the body fluids is of great value for endocrinological investigations in women. This MAb may prove useful in identification of ovarian tumors.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb is specific for progesterone. It exhibits minimal cross reactivity with related compounds in ELISA. It reacts with Progesterone-11a-HMS-BSA: 100%; 5-beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 48%; 5-alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 26.4%; 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 2.5%; 20-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 0.04%. Progesterone is a steroid hormone synthesized from the cholesterol derivative, pregnenolone, in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and acts to prepare the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. During pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta to prevent spontaneous abortion and to stimulate the development of mammary tissue to produce milk. Thus, progesterone plays a central role in the reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinized theca cells of normal ovary secrete progesterone. The determination of progesterone concentrations in the body fluids is of great value for endocrinological investigations in women. This MAb may prove useful in identification of ovarian tumors.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb is specific for progesterone. It exhibits minimal cross reactivity with related compounds in ELISA. It reacts with Progesterone-11a-HMS-BSA: 100%; 5-beta-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 48%; 5-alpha-Pregnane-3,20-dione: 26.4%; 17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 2.5%; 20-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone: 0.04%. Progesterone is a steroid hormone synthesized from the cholesterol derivative, pregnenolone, in the cortex of the adrenal gland. Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum and acts to prepare the endometrium for the implantation of a fertilized egg. During pregnancy, it is secreted by the placenta to prevent spontaneous abortion and to stimulate the development of mammary tissue to produce milk. Thus, progesterone plays a central role in the reproductive events associated with the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Luteinized theca cells of normal ovary secrete progesterone. The determination of progesterone concentrations in the body fluids is of great value for endocrinological investigations in women. This MAb may prove useful in identification of ovarian tumors.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Reacts with a 70 kDa membrane-bound isozyme (Regan and Nagao type) of Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) occurring in the placenta during the 3rd trimester of gestation. It is highly specific for PLAP and shows no cross-reaction with other isozymes of alkaline phosphatase. Anti-PLAP reacts with germ cell tumors and can discriminate between these and other neoplasms. Somatic neoplasms e.g. breast, gastrointestinal, prostatic, and urinary cancers may also immunoreact with antibodies to PLAP. Anti-PLAP positivity in conjunction with anti-keratin negativity favors seminoma over carcinoma. Germ cell tumors are usually anti-keratin positive, but they regularly fail to stain with anti-EMA, whereas most carcinomas stain with anti-EMA. Anti-PLAP has been useful in the diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This antibody reacts with the TGF alpha and shows no cross-reaction with EGF and the neuropeptide synenkephalin. The staining with this MAb is completely blocked by the peptide used for raising this antibody. TGF alpha (aa50) is a growth factor with 33% homology to EGF, binds to EGFR, activates tyrosine phosphorylation of the receptor, and stimulates cell proliferation. It plays a role in tumor initiation by inducing the reversible transformed phenotype.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Recognizes a protein of ~55 kDa, identified as SOX10. This MAb is highly specific and does not cross-react with other members of the SOX-family. SOX genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. SOX-10 is a sensitive marker of melanoma, including conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic subtypes. It is expressed by metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes, but not by other lymph node components such as dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. Commonly used melanoma markers, such as anti-HMB-45 and anti-Melan-A, are poorly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas while SOX-10 is moderately to strongly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas. SOX-10 is considered as a very reliable marker for recognizing residual desmoplastic melanomas. In normal tissues, it is expressed in Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells of salivary, bronchial and mammary glands. SOX-10 expression is also observed in mast cells.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Pax genes contain paired domains with strong homology to genes in Drosophila, which are involved in programming early development. Lesions in the Pax-6 gene account for most cases of aniridia, a congenital malformation of the eye, chiefly characterized by iris hypoplasia, which can cause blindness. Pax-6 is involved in other anterior segment malformations besides aniridia, such as Peters anomaly, a major error in the embryonic development of the eye with corneal clouding with variable iridolenticulocorneal adhesions. The Pax-6 gene encodes a transcriptional regulator that recognizes target genes through its paired-type DNA-binding domain. The paired domain is composed of two distinct DNA-binding subdomains, the amino-terminal subdomain and the carboxy-terminal subdomain, which bind respective consensus DNA sequences. The human Pax-6 gene produces two alternatively spliced isoforms that have the distinct structure of the paired domain.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Recognizes a protein of ~55 kDa, identified as SOX10. This MAb is highly specific and does not cross-react with other members of the SOX-family. SOX genes comprise a family of genes that are related to the mammalian sex-determining gene SRY. These genes similarly contain sequences that encode for the HMG-box domain, which is responsible for the sequence-specific DNA-binding activity. SOX-10 is a sensitive marker of melanoma, including conventional, spindled, and desmoplastic subtypes. It is expressed by metastatic melanomas and nodal capsular nevus in sentinel lymph nodes, but not by other lymph node components such as dendritic cells, which usually express S100 protein. Commonly used melanoma markers, such as anti-HMB-45 and anti-Melan-A, are poorly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas while SOX-10 is moderately to strongly expressed in desmoplastic melanomas. SOX-10 is considered as a very reliable marker for recognizing residual desmoplastic melanomas. In normal tissues, it is expressed in Schwann cells, melanocytes, and myoepithelial cells of salivary, bronchial and mammary glands. SOX-10 expression is also observed in mast cells.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Recognizes a protein of 21 kDa-25 kDa, identified as retinol binding protein-1 (RBP1). This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein post-transnationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: Recognizes a protein of 21 kDa-25 kDa, identified as retinol binding protein-1 (RBP1). This protein belongs to the lipocalin family and is the specific carrier for retinol (vitamin A alcohol) in the blood. It delivers retinol from the liver stores to the peripheral tissues. In plasma, the RBP-retinol complex interacts with transthyretin, which prevents its loss by filtration through the kidney glomeruli. A deficiency of vitamin A blocks secretion of the binding protein post-transnationally and results in defective delivery and supply to the epidermal cells.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb is specific to SUMO-1 and shows no cross-reaction with either SUMO-2 or SUMO-3. The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targets proteins to a variety of cellular processing, including nuclear transport, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis and protein stability. The unconjugated SUMO-1 protein localizes to the nuclear membrane.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb recognizes human 17-26 kDa protein, which is identified as cytokine TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha). TNF-alpha can be expressed as a 17 kDa free molecule, or as a 26 kDa membrane protein. TNF-alpha is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.

Leverancier: Biotium

Omschrijving: This MAb recognizes human 17-26 kDa protein, which is identified as cytokine TNF-alpha (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha). TNF-alpha can be expressed as a 17 kDa free molecule, or as a 26 kDa membrane protein. TNF-alpha is a protein secreted by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, and causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor bearing mice. TNF alpha is believed to mediate pathogenic shock and tissue injury associated with endotoxemia. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five non-covalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS PAGE under non-reducing conditions. TNF alpha is closely related to the 25 kDa protein Tumor Necrosis Factor beta (lymphotoxin), sharing the same receptors and cellular actions. TNF alpha causes cytolysis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon gamma in its cytotoxicity. Although it has little effect on many cultured normal human cells, TNF alpha appears to be directly toxic to vascular endothelial cells. Other actions of TNF alpha include stimulating growth of human fibroblasts and other cell lines, activating polymorphonuclear neutrophils and osteoclasts, and induction of interleukin 1, prostaglandin E2 and collagenase production. TNF alpha is currently being evaluated in treatment of certain cancers and AIDS Related Complex.